Whether or not the recent growth of the economy started well before the economic reforms of the 1990s

Introduction India’s financial system, the major economy in the earth in terms of buying power, is going to touch novel heights in upcoming years. By 2035, India is forecasted to be the third major financial system of the earth just after US and China. It is prospected to grow to 60% of the range of the US financial system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Whether or not the recent growth of the economy started well before the economic reforms of the 1990s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This thriving financial system of today has to bypass through many stages before it can attain the present milestone of 9% GDP (Bosworth Collins 2007). The account of Indian economy can be broadly divided into three stages: Pre-Colonial, Colonial, and Post Colonial. Discussion India’s Economy during the Pre-Colonial period In this pre-colonial stage is where the financial record of India ever since Indus Valley Civ ilization to 1700 AD can be classified. Throughout Indus valley civilization, Indian financial system was very well urbanized. It had very high-quality trade associations with other parts of the humankind, which is obvious from the coins of a variety of civilizations established at the location of Indus valley (Roy 2002). Prior to the initiation of East India Company, each village in India was an independent body. Every village was economically sovereign as all the financial wants were satisfied inside the village. During Colonization The advent of East India Company broke the Indian financial system, as there was a mutual reduction of capital (Srinivasan Tendulkar 2003). The British used to purchase unprocessed supplies from India at cheaper charges and refined merchandise was traded at superior than standard cost in Indian markets. Throughout this stage India’s allocation of world revenue reduced from 22.3% in 1700 AD to 3.8% in 1952. Post- Colonization Once India got sove reignty from this colonial law in 1947, the procedure of rejuvenation of the financial system started. For this, different strategies and systems were invented. The first five-year plans for the expansion of Indian financial system came into completion in 1952. These five-year plans, initiated by Indian administration, concentrated on the wants of Indian financial system. If on one hand farming acknowledged the instant consideration, on the other side, manufacturing zone would be urbanized at a quick speed to give employment openings to the rising populace, and to remain rapid with the expansions in the world (Twomey 1983). Ever since, Indian financial system has come a long way. The Gross Domestic Product at aspect cost, which was 2.3 % in 1951-52, reached 9% in fiscal year 2005-06.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More India’s Economy Development rate Since 1980, India ha s observed a stable increase in its development rate. The â€Å"Hindu growth rate† estimated at 3.5 to 5.5% was pursued by the policy move away from extreme controls and limitations on personal venture towards steady decontrol (Srinivasan Tendulkar 2003). Between the years 1988 and 1989, the development rate augmented to 10.5%. Since 1980 to 2002, the financial system of the country was 6% and up to the year 2007, almost 8%. Before the reforms of the 1990s, India survived mainly by borrowing from other external sources (Broadberry Gupta 2005). The increase in development rates started in the 1980s, and the 1990 reforms only speeded up the procedure. The broad-based and deeper reforms in the mid-1990s increased the GDP growth rate to an average of 9% (Srinivasan Tendulkar 2003). The country’s sales overseas and trade in, were $18.14 billion and $24.07 billion correspondingly, in between the years 1990 and 1991. In 2006, the country’s exports arrived at $120.3 billion to develop into the 28th leading goods exporter, and imports arrived at $174.8 billion to develop into the 17th foremost goods importer of the globe. India’s allocation in world goods exports, after increasing from 0.5 % in 1990 to 0.8% in 2003, crossed to 1% in 2005 (Delong 2003). This boost owed to the increase in India’s exports at more than twice the pace of development of humanity exports from 2005. India’s noteworthy export development in current years was due to positive external improvements and home policy plans. Imports services have been rising faster than goods trade. The allocation of services in the entire external trade improved from 21.5% in 1990 to 27.4% in 2006 (Bosworth Collins 2007). Recent research show that India’s entire service exports positioned at $73.8 billion to become the 10th foremost service exporter with an allocation of 2.7% of world service exports. Additionally, India is ranked 13th among foremost service import ers with a contribution of 2.4% of world service imports. Totally, service imports quantify to $63.7 billion more than the 15 years in subject, while India’s services exports improved from $4.6billion in 1990 to $73 billion in 2005, more than a 12-fold rise (Ahluwalia 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Whether or not the recent growth of the economy started well before the economic reforms of the 1990s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gandhi policy In the middle of India’s flag, there is a spinning wheel, a figure employed by Gandhi to disapprove English material imports underneath colonial law and to show the dignity of a culture of small-scale farming and commerce. For much of its sovereignty, India’s financial system was presided over by the values of the spinning wheel, with catastrophic economic and societal effects (Delong 2003). Since then, India is still under pressure to mov e further than Gandhi-era economics, and lift its customary of living. India’s current progress in the direction of economic development stems from the alterations undertaken after the 1991 financial catastrophe, which raised India from decades of sluggish growth under communist law and offered a chance to advance living circumstances in the huge deprived country (Parthasarathi 1998). The current growth has been inspiring, among the uppermost development rates in the earth. Immense figure of the worlds’ unfortunate live in India, and will depend on its prospect expansion to conquer poverty, since the current growth is not sufficient. Definitely, immense steps have been taken toward improvement on trade, and industrialized policy (Roy, 2000). The fiscal system, considerable development has been made in reducing deficiency, and India has a rising and flourishing middle group. Nevertheless, much remains to be done since the government interferes where it need not, in ever ything. from petroleum mining to nightclubs, and fails to control the essential services that it should like, civilized roads, a steady power allotment infrastructure, and excellent primary education. Important steps in India’s economy impetus Trade liberalization, monetary liberalization, levy improvements and opening up to overseas reserves were several of the significant steps, which aided Indian economy to achieve impetus. The financial liberalization initiated by Man Mohan Sigh in 1991, then finance Minister in the administration of P V Narsimha Rao, confirmed to be the springboard for Indian financial modification movements. Challenges faced by Indian economy in 2006-07 fiscal years In order for the Indian financial system to uphold its present status and to achieve the goal of GDP of 10% for fiscal year 2006-07, Indian financial system has to conquer many challenges. They include:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Populace outburst: This is one of the factors consuming into the achievement of India. According to 2001 census of India, the populace was 1,028,610,328 rising at a speed of 2.11% roughly. Such a huge populace puts lots of pressure on financial infrastructure of the state. Therefore, India has to manage its growing inhabitants. Poverty: As research indicates, 36% of the Indian populace was living under the deficiency line in 1993-94. However, this number has reduced in current times but some key steps are required to be taken to eradicate deficiency from India. Unemployment: The rising populace is pressing hard on financial capital as well as occupation chances. Indian administration has started a variety of systems for instance, Self Employment Scheme for Educated Unemployed Youth, but this is confirming to be a drop in the sea. Rural urban divide: India lies in rural community. Even today, when there is a lot of relocation into towns, 70% of the Indian populace still resides in t he rural. There is a very star distinction in speed of countryside and town development. Unless there is a fair growth, Indian financial system cannot grow. Projected Financial Transformations The continued and premeditated financial transformations are the ones that can conquer these challenges (Ahluwalia 2002). They include: One, upholding financial regulation of the economy, two, orientation of communal spending towards regions in which India is faring poorly for instance, health and education sectors, third, initiating of transformations in labor regulations in order to produce more service chances for the rising populace in India. Fourth, is by restructuring of farming sector, introduction of novel expertise, dropping agriculture’s reliance on heavy rain by increasing ways of irrigation, and lastly, introduction of fiscal transformations, including privatization of several communal sector banks. Why there is a distinction between â€Å"pro business† and â€Å"pr o market† policies Pro business and pro market modifications do not create equally exclusive sets. Otherwise, policies that develop the proficiency and output of the present firms, the alleged pro business policies, are a necessary constituent of the neoliberal, pro-market alteration packages. A dispute exists on whether Indian strategy modifications and development accelerations of the precedent 25 years are best understood as a move in the direction of a â€Å"pro-business† direction or a â€Å"pro-market† point (Twomey 1983). Under the pro-business outlook, the government gave favors to the significant private segment, which set free savings and development, but has fundamentally led to â€Å"oligarchic† entrepreneurship (Prakash 1976). By distinction, the pro-market viewpoint sees the combination of concentrated limitations and exterior liberalization as the chief driver of amendments in financial performance, working by means of sensitive aggressive p ressures on firm performance. Indian commercial region, however, is â€Å"standard† in as much as the vibrant affiliation is similar to that of developed countries. India’s economy at the end of the 1970s was so strongly prohibited that liberalization on roughly any face was definite to improve competence, and would have been suggested by reform-oriented economists (Basu Maertens 2007). Furthermore, it was the existing political financial system of alterations rather than any bright comprehension that â€Å"pro-business† rule modification would lead to huge and permanent payoffs that accounts for an incomplete spotlight of the policy transformation on the current firms. In the 1980s, politicians were still frightened of being perceived as turning away from communism. Therefore, they chose small policy alterations to huge ones, and secret ones to obvious ones (Balakrishnan 2010). Consequently, they decided to go for the alterations that could be initiated severe ly within the obtainable policy structure rather than those concerning an alteration in the structure itself (Prakash 1976). As predicted, the changes outstandingly included aptitude extension by the accessible firms, regularization of aptitude that had been formed secretly, broad twisting of products under the accessible endorsed aptitude, and better admission to introduced raw resources (Delong 2003). Conclusion In reference to the above research, India is on its way to become the third most industrial nation in the world. Though this is projected, the country seems to have come a long way in order to balance its economy. Before the 1990 reforms, the economy was performing well but much of the performance was enhanced by borrowing finances from other resources. However, the 1990 reforms seem to have boosted this and now India is steadier in terms of its financial basis. India opted to create a â€Å"pro-business† environment as opposed to a â€Å"pro-market† one, whe reby a healthy society of private entrepreneurship and some inspiring companies were formed. This liberation of commerce, joined with small-scale entrepreneurship is likely to uphold escalation in the 6 to 7% range; but hastening development will need actions that are more drastic. This region is now certain enough to push for more modification, but its authority should not be overrated. References Ahluwalia, MS 2002, ‘Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.16, pp. 67-88. Balakrishnan, P, 2010, Economic Growth in India, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Basu, K, Maertens, A 2007, ‘The pattern and causes of economic growth in India’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 23, pp.143-167. Bosworth, B, Collins, SM 2007, Accounting for growth: comparing China and India, Cambridge, Mass, National Bureau of Economic Research. Broadberry, SN, Gupta, B 2005, The early modern great divergence: wages, pri ces and economic development in Europe and Asia, 1500-1800, London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. Delong, B 2003, â€Å"India since Independence: An Analytical Growth Narrative† in Rodrik, D (ed). In Search of Prosperity: Analytical Narratives on Economic Growth, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Parthasarathi, P 1998, ‘Rethinking Wages and Competitiveness in the Eighteenth Century: Britain and South India’, Past and Present, vol. 158, pp. 79-109. Prakash, O1976, ‘Bullion for Goods: International Trade and the Economy of Early Eighteenth Century Bengal’, Indian Economic Social History Review, vol.13, pp.159-186. Roy, T 2000, The economic history of India, 1857-1947, New Delhi, Oxford University Press. Roy, T 2002, ‘Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.16, pp.109-130. Srinivasan, TN, Tendulkar, SD 2003, Reintegrating India with the world economy, Institute of Internat ional economics, Washington D.C. Twomey, MJ 1983, ‘Employment in Nineteenth Century Indian Textiles’, Explorations in Economic History, vol. 20, pp. 37-57. This essay on Whether or not the recent growth of the economy started well before the economic reforms of the 1990s was written and submitted by user Colin Taylor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Racism and Prejudice essays

Racism and Prejudice essays In my eight grade at Earl warren, I witnessed numerous amounts of prejudice and racism. Not saying names about certain specific people but this said designated person is a female. Ive known this girl since about the 2nd or 3rd grade so I know about her school life well enough to be able to tell this story. To my knowledge, I feel she grew up, at school, with a pleasant life as a young girl. She wasnt really known to be one of the prettiest girls, but I guess she could be considered a little sweet heart. As the years progressed, we already hit the fourth grade at Skyline Elementary School. School started off as a new-sprung and fresh start for her little life. Even though there was more to come in her new days, there was probably more that she would encounter that she wouldve ever expected. It kills me to still think about this, but older people in the 6th grade had already been introduced to smoking and drinking. This once pleasant girl had a rendezvous with her new coming future. As known to this day adolescent minds should not come to face with such horrors. She started to hang out with the older more mature kids a mature kids, how had better experience with the subject, which had caused her young, innocent mind to be penetrated beyond its boundaries to a new step in her life. While, the months and years proceeded by in a normal fashion her way of life confronted a huge U-turn. For instance, she started to dress in a gothic manner of wearing all dark and gloomy colors as if you changed into a totally different person. This came to conclude with major prejudices from our fellow classmates. I know how people thought in 5th and 6th grade and to people in that degree of age that was thought to be really weird. Kids just thought that because she wore constant black and glum colors that she was scary and dumb. I dont know what anyone else thinks, but saying someone is scary, m ...

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 The Alien and Sedition Acts were four national security bills passed by the 5th U.S. Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President John Adams in the midst of fears that a war with France was imminent. The four laws restricted the rights and actions of U.S. immigrants and limited the First Amendment freedom of speech and freedom of the press rights. The four acts- the Naturalization Act, the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act- increased the minimum U.S. residency requirement for the naturalization of aliens from five to fourteen years; empowered the President of the United States to order aliens considered â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States† or who came from a hostile county deported or imprisoned; and restricted speech that criticized the government or government officials.   Alien and Sedition Acts Key Takeaways The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the 5th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.The four national security bills were passed amid fears that a war with France could not be avoided.The four acts were: the Naturalization Act, the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act.The Alien and Sedition Acts restricted the rights and actions of immigrants and limited the freedoms of speech and of the press contained in the Constitution’s First Amendment.The Sedition Act, limiting the freedoms of speech and of the press, was by far the most controversial of the four laws.The Alien and Sedition Acts were also a part of a power struggle between America’s first two political parties; the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. While presented on the premise of preparing for war, the laws were also part of a larger power struggle between the nation’s first two political parties- the Federalist Party and the Anti-federalist, Democratic-Republican Party. The negative public opinion of the Federalist-backed Alien and Sedition Acts proved a major factor in the controversial 1800 presidential election, in which Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent federalist President John Adams. The Political Aspect When John Adams was elected as the second President of the United States in 1796, his Federalist Party, which favored a strong federal government, had started losing its political dominance. Under the Electoral College system at the time, Thomas Jefferson, of the opposing Democratic-Republican Party, had been elected as Adams’ vice president. Democratic-Republicans- especially Jefferson- believed the states should have more power and accused the Federalists of trying to turn the United States into a monarchy.   When the Alien and Sedition Acts came before Congress, the laws’ Federalist backers argued they would strengthen America’s security during the looming war with France. Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans opposed the laws, calling them an attempt to silence and disenfranchise voters who disagreed with the Federalist Party by violating the right of freedom of speech in the First Amendment. At a time when most immigrants supported Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans, the Naturalization Act raised the minimum residency requirement to qualify for American citizenship from five to 14 years.The Alien Friends Act empowered the president to deport or jail any immigrant deemed to be â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States† at any time.The Alien Enemies Act authorized the president to deport or jail any male immigrant above age 14 from a â€Å"hostile nation† during times of war.Finally, and most controversially, the Sedition Act restricted speech considered critical of the federal government. The law prevented people accused of violating the Sedition Act from using the fact that their critical statements had been true as a defense in court. As a result, several newspaper editors who criticized the Federalist Adams administration were convicted of violating the Sedition Act. The XYZ Affair and the Threat of War Their fight over the Alien and Sedition Acts was just one example of how America’s first two political parties were split over foreign policy. In 1794, Britain was at war with France. When Federalist President George Washington signed the Jay Treaty with Britain it greatly improved Anglo-American relations but enraged France, America’s Revolutionary War ally.   Shortly after taking office in 1797, President John Adams tried to smooth things over with France by sending diplomats Elbridge Gerry, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and John Marshall to Paris to meet face-to-face with French foreign minister, Charles Talleyrand. Instead, Talleyrand sent three of his representatives- referred to as X, Y, and Z by President Adams- who demanded a $250,000 bribe and a $10 million loan as conditions of meeting with Talleyrand. After the U.S. diplomats rejected Talleyrand’s demands, and the American people became angered by the so-called XYZ Affair, fears of an outright war with France spread. While it never escalated beyond a series of naval confrontations, the resulting undeclared Quasi-War with France further strengthened the Federalists argument for passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts.   Sedition Act Passage and Prosecutions Not surprisingly, the Sedition Act evoked the most heated debate in the Federalist-controlled Congress. In 1798, as it is today, sedition is defined as the crime of creating a revolt, disturbance, or violence against lawful civil authority- the government- with the intent to cause its overthrow or destruction. Loyal to Vice President Jefferson, the Democratic-Republican minority argued the Sedition Act violated the First Amendment’s protection of freedom of speech and the press. However, President Adams’ Federalist majority prevailed, arguing that under both U.S. and British common law, seditious acts of libel, slander, and defamation had long been punishable offenses and that freedom of speech should not protect seditious false statements. President Adams signed the Sedition Act into law on July 14, 1798, and by October, Timothy Lyon, a Democratic-Republican congressman from Vermont, had become the first person convicted of violating the new law. During his current reelection campaign, Lyon had published letters criticizing Federalist Party policies in Republican-leaning newspapers. A grand jury indicted him on charges sedition for publishing material with â€Å"intent and design† to defame the U.S. government in general and President Adams personally. Acting as his own defense attorney, Lyon argued that he had no intent to harm the government or Adams by publishing the letters and that Sedition Act was unconstitutional. Despite being supported by popular opinion, Lyon was convicted and sentenced to four months in jail and fined $1,000, a sizable amount at a time when members of the House received no salary and were paid only a $1.00 per diem. While still in prison, Lyon easily won reelection and later overcame a Federalist motion to expel him from the House. Perhaps of more historic interest was the Sedition Act conviction of political pamphleteer and journalist James Callender. In 1800, Callender, originally a backer of Republican Thomas Jefferson, was sentenced to nine months in jail for what a grand jury called his â€Å"false, scandalous, and malicious writing, against the said President of the United States,† then Federalist John Adams. From jail, Callender continued to write widely-published articles supporting Jefferson’s 1800 campaign for president. After Jefferson won the controversial 1800 presidential election, Callender demanded that he be appointed to a postmaster position in return for his â€Å"services.† When Jefferson refused, Callender turned on him, taking his revenge by publishing the first evidence supporting the long-rumored claim that Jefferson had fathered children by his slave Sally Hemings. Including Lyon and Callender, at least 26 people- all opposing the Adams administration- were prosecuted for violating the Sedition Act between 1789 and 1801. The Legacy of the Alien and Sedition Acts Prosecutions under the Sedition Act spurred protests and widespread debate over the meaning of freedom of the press in the context of political speech. Credited as being the deciding factor in Jefferson’s election in 1800, the law represented the worst mistake of John Adams’ presidency. By 1802, all of the Alien and Sedition Acts except the Alien Enemies Act had been allowed to expire or had been repealed. The Alien Enemies Act remains in effect today, having been amended in 1918 to allow the deportation or imprisonment of women. The law was used during World War II to order the confinement of more than 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps until the end of the war. While the Sedition Act violated key provisions of the First Amendment, the current practice of â€Å"Judicial Review,† empowering the Supreme Court to consider the constitutionality of laws and executive branch actions had not yet been perfected. Sources and Further Reading â€Å"The Alien and Sedition Acts: Defining American Freedom.† Constitutional Rights Foundationâ€Å"Alien and Sedition Acts.† The Avalon Project at Yale Law School  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our Documents: Alien and Sedition Acts.† National Archives and Records Administrationâ€Å"The thin-skinned president who made it illegal to criticize his office.† The Washington Post (September 8, 2018)Ragsdale, Bruce A. â€Å"The Sedition Act Trials.† Federal Judicial Center (2005)

Other Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Other - Essay Example They can also help people diet in a proper manner and assist in loss of weight, while keeping fit. Thesis: American ‘super foods’ as well as a large number of fruits and vegetables that are produced in America are really good for health and can actually help people in their fitness regimes and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Day by day, more and more Americans are becoming conscious about their health and dietary habits. They are taking to nutrition because of the rampant obesity world over, especially in America, because of the junk food culture. Even though a large number of people still have poor eating habits and have taken to consuming junk food or fast food on a daily basis, there are people spreading awareness regarding the importance of proper living. Magazines, newspapers, tv shows, the radio, as well as many contemporary films and books being made and written in the US have been promoting healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle, with the help of American foods itself. Moreover, eating junk food is not all that bad if consumed in a controlled manner. Many American parents have begun to lay emphasis on ensuring that their children receive a healthy diet. Schools in the country have also begun to advocate healthy foods and salads as part of their mess or cafeterias and have begun to rule out the u se of soft drinks and fast foods in order to help students understand that a high nutritional value is much more important than consuming something that might seem tasty but consists of a high number of calroies. With respect to fruits and vegetables, there are foods like blueberries, pumpkin seeds, avocados, sweet potatoes etc that are produced in America in high quantities. (Mitzweich, John) These foods are very rich in nutritions and assist people in overral development of their bodies. Moreover, salmon is produced in the country and sold to very many households as well;

Toward a Moral Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toward a Moral Economy - Essay Example Just for the sake of their rights, some of the people who were in favor of the justice and equality for all raised their voices and thus the concept of moral economy were developed. There are different characteristics or the attributes, which can make any economy a moral and justified economy. The researchers are of the opinion that any economy can be perfect and moral just because of the implications and the practices in that particular duration. There are three main types of economies based on the practices and the implications, i.e. Socialism, capitalism and the communism. Usually if we look over all the concepts and the attitudes of a socialist economy then we can say that socialism is the best moral economy. If we look at the historical perspectives of the establishment of a moral economy, the different sociologists have worked a lot on this discussion. The one common point of all the researchers is the basic foundation of a moral economy. According to their point of view, the economic activities influenced by the sentiments, values, norms, and other just thought patterns might contribute to make a moral economy. The contributions of different authors are discussed here in detail; Adam Smith: Adam Smith wrote two books containing great and inspirational concepts about the establishment of a moral economy. One book ‘Wealth of the Nations’ is directly related to the ethical standards of an economy whereas the other book ‘The Moral System’ gives a general frame work for the foundation of an economic system. In both of his writings, Smith has tried to formulate general rules of justice and laws that should be implemented in an economic system. Adam Smith has even tried to pin point the process that can motivate the people to adopt ethical and moral laws so that they can work their best for the establishment of a moral economy at least on individual basis. Another high point of Smith writings is the formulation of two

Balder Essay :: essays research papers

Frigg loved Balder. She loved him so much that she tried to protect him from everything. Balder was the light of this world and everyone loved him. Frigg went around to everyone in the world and asked for their promise that they would never hurt Balder; she asked the beasts and the elements, she asked mother nature and all the other gods. They had all pledged that they would not hurt Balder, but she missed one little plant since she thought that it was too small and young to do any harm. The mistletoe on the very edge of the world was the only plant that she had not asked for his protection from harm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She also trusted everyone. She trusted a little too much. She told Loki (who was in disguise) about this one plant that she had overlooked. She loved Balder and trusted all the gods not to put him in harm. They tested it, they threw stones and shot arrows at him which always hit the ground before they got near him. But Loki was jealous of Balder because every one loved him so much. So Loki set out to find the mistletoe. He was so jealous that he wanted Balder dead. His jealousy over took him even though he was a god. He set out and found the mistletoe without any trouble; he then came back to where all the gods were testing out Balder by throwing things at him. Loki found Balder’s blind brother and told him that he should be respectful and throw something at Balder too. So because of Loki’s jealousy he helped the blind brother aim the mistletoe at Balder and throw it. It killed Balder instantly. Even though every one knew that Loki had done it, becau se they had lost the one that they loved they were too sad to do anything about it. Frigg thought that she had made sure of Balder’s safety even though she had overlooked this one small plant. Because Frigg trusted Loki she told him about that plant, she never thought that he would have killed Balder.

Psychology and Research Essay

1. There are various methods in psychological research, both qualitative and quantitative. Among them are field experiment, which is more qualitative and the statistical survey which, as the name suggests, a highly quantitative approach. Field experiment is a scientific method in research approach where the researchers (psychology-related researchers in this case) examine the participants or the data in the real world rather than doing the research in the laboratory, but all the same, the â€Å"field researchers have followed the structured approach†1 in research. Statistical survey, on the other hand is used to gather quantitative information on a given subject or participant in a population. It involves statistical processes in arranging data for them to be useful information to readers. It is worth noting however that a research rarely relies on a single method alone. Oftentimes, it is a combination of two or more methods to make it/the theory or contention stronger and more reliable. 2. With the psychosis studies and experiences of R.D. Lang, a psychoanalyst and a radical psychiatrist, he was able to observe his patients for real or â€Å"on field† when he developed his research regarding the subject (psychosis). It is a condition when an individual lost contact with the real world. Psychosis is best described by broad diagnostic concepts such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and that these concepts describe brain diseases that are probably inherited. The task of psychology and its related researches on the subject matter aims to identify neuropsychological abnormalities in patients, in the hope that these might provide clues about the aetiology of the presumed brain pathology. Within this method, there is little scope for psychological intervention, as it is assumed that brain diseases are unresponsive to this kind of treatment. Another psychological research is the intelligence test of Binet or the currently evolved Stanford-Binet Scale which is one of the psychologically related tests or research where statistical approach may be applied. This method was developed containing the idea of graded tests series, the concept of intelligence and the conception of the fundamental qualities of an intelligence test. It was originally composed of thirty items in increasing difficulty, with grouped testees either according to age or gender or any other classification that may be applied. 3 This is where the current IQ Tests evolved. 3. When conducting research with human participants, consent and confidentiality4 are the two very important aspects of the study. Consent of the subjects should be obtained first to let them be aware of the entire study and will let them adjust and not to feel deceived. This will also help the researchers and the participants work together in harmony and will facilitate the entire research process. Aside from these, respect is another reason why consent of the participants must be obtained first. Confidentiality, on the other hand, will secure the safety and honor of the subjects/participants and at the same time will protect the reliability and soundness of the research itself. All the ethical concerns mentioned are generally for the respect of human life, as an individual and in order for the psychology profession be respectable as well. No one can respect the profession if in return, it does not know how to value the dignity of humans in the case that the latter be a participant or a subject in a psychology-related research.